Background
The dramatization of Asagao (Morning Glory, 朝顔) has rather complicated history. The play Shôutsushi asagao banashi (Recreating the true story of morning glory: 生写朝顔話) was one of a number of dramatizations of this very popular love story. An unproduced puppet play was written between 1804 and 1806 by Yamada no Kagashi (posthumous name of Chikamatsu Tokusô, 1751-1810) after a kodan (講談 oral storytelling) by Shiba Shisô called Asagao (朝顔). Four or five years later, an illustrated book titled Asagao nikki (朝顔日記) was published. Next, in 1812, a play called Shôutsushi asagao nikki (Recreating the true diary of morning glory: 生写朝顔日記) was staged in Osaka, written by Dekishima Sensuke (i.e., not the play authored by Chikamatsu Tokusô), but it was a failure. In 1814 a revised version (8 acts and 12 scenes) of Tokusô's drama was staged at the Kado no Shibai in Osaka. That same play was adapted for the puppet stage and presented on the grounds of the Inari Shrine in Osaka; it was attributed (posthumously) to Tokusô. The play was again re-staged at the Takemoto puppet theater, Osaka in 1/1832. Another playwright, Suishô Enshûjin, made a final revision, and it is this version that was also presented in kabuki. The play received a rewrite in 1850 by Nishizawa Ippô (1802-1852) as an adaptation of the puppet play, and it is this version that is used today.
The tale features the love between Miyagi Asojirô (宮木阿曽次郎) and Akizuki musume Miyuki (秋月娘深雪), daughter of a wealthy samurai, who first meet while enjoying an outing in pleasure boats on the Uji River. They are immediately smitten with one another and exchange vows, but afterwards a misunderstanding leads Miyuki to believe that her father will force her to marry someone else. Unknown to her, the "stranger" happens to be Asojirô, whose name was changed to Komazawa Jirôzaemon after his recent adoption into a samurai family. To keep her pledge to Asojirô, she runs away and assumes the name Asagao ("Morning Glory"), a reminder of the poem Asojirô had written for her at their first meeting). After months pass, Miyuki loses her sight from endless grieving, barely supporting herself by playing the koto (stringed instrument, resembling a horizontal harp: 琴). One day she encounters her lover by chance, who sees that she is now destitute and blind from tears and grief. Suddenly he is called away by his lord and Miyuki despairs, running after him in a fierce storm. Unable to cross the river, she is ready to throw herself into the raging water, but is stopped by a retainer of her father. Miyuki ultimately regains her sight after curing her blindness with a drug left for her by Asojirô.
Design
Asojirô stands before a bridge spanning the Uji river as fireflies flit about him under a crepuscular sky. He holds a paper lantern (andon) inscribed with characters reading Tsûen, probably that of a local teahouse. Two hand-stamped seals appear below the signature: (Far LR corner) the block-cutter imprint of the celebrated Kasuke, which reads surimono han[gishi] Ka[suke] ("Kasuke, surimono woodblock master"); and nearer the signature, the publisher's seal, "Kawaji."
The poem was composed by the actor Rikan, who compares (unfavorably) his theatrical skills with the wonders of nature: Futsutsu kana / ware hazukashiki / hotaru kana (Fireflies! / I am ashamed / Like an ignorant rustic!).
The earliest surimono-style edition of this striking composition has the poem and block cutter seal but no publishers' seals. Variants exist with similarly colored as well as more darkly printed landscapes. A later commercial edition was issued by the publisher Kawaji that retains the poem and Kasuke's seal, as here. Still later examples have the publishers Honsei/Kawaji in a joint production that omit the poem but keep the Kasuke seal, and one with the seal for the publisher Iden but no Kasuke seal.
As is sometimes encountered in ukiyo-e, we can see, throughout the background, evidence of the pattern of rubbing the print from the back with the baren ("succession sheath," i.e., circular rubbing pad).
References: IKBYS-II: no. 285; IKB-I, no. 3-62; DSH, p. 60; NKE, p. 603
Return to